A nucleic acid is a long molecule made up of smaller molecules called nucleotides. Nucleic acids were discovered in 1868, when twenty-four-year-old Swiss physician Friedrich Miescher isolated a ...

IN the literature several indications of the existence of directed chemical bonds between organic halogen compounds and molecules containing atoms like nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur may be found.

In some cases, an epoxide is used instead of the alcohol; or an acid halide or anhydride replaces the acid. Less often, an alkyl or aryl halide is treated with a carboxylate salt. But these methods ...