contraception use and hormone-replacement therapy must be acquired when tissue specimens are collected from females. Future studies must address sex-based differences in immune responses to ...

AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is a disease caused by HIV. A person who is infected with HIV may get AIDS sooner or later in life. This syndrome is caused when the immune system of the ...

The most widely held hypothesis on the pathogenesis of IBD is that overly aggressive acquired (T cell) immune responses to a subset of commensal enteric bacteria develop in genetically susceptible ...

Once acquired infection persists for life requiring continuous life long cellular ... Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that similar to chronic viral infections, long lasting immune responses to ...

A genomic study encompassing more than 300 genomes spanning the last 50,000 years has revealed how a single wave of Neandertal gene flow into early modern humans left an indelible mark on human ...

For instance, adaptive immune cells, which are acquired after exposure to antigens—foreign substances that induce an immune ...

infants are extremely vulnerable to infections and often have suboptimal responses to vaccination. Therefore, infants rely on maternal immune protection through antibodies initially acquired ...