Ammonium ions (NH 4 +) – found in ammonium compounds such as ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate ... by heating a solution of the ions with sodium hydroxide. This reaction produces ammonia ...

Figure 7 shows the water uptake at 30 °C and hydroxide ion conductivity in water at 40 °C as a function of IEC values for QPE-bl-3 membranes with different ammonium groups. The general trend ...