these hMLOs resemble key features of the midbrain, including layers containing progressively maturing neurons and neuromelanin granules, which are typically seen in the human substantia nigra.

The misfolded protein accumulates within neurons and damages them. The dopamine-producing cells that are most affected reside in the part of the brain known as the substantia nigra, an area near the ...

Explore the role of cell-free DNA biomarkers in differentiating Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy (MSA).