Generally speaking, the participial clause, starting with -ing or -ed, is more characteristic of written English, as it allows us to say the same thing as a relative clause, starting with who ...

You can often get a sense of what works and what doesn't by transforming the participial adjective into a participial clause. If it doesn't make sense as a participle in a clause, it is unlikely ...

A participial phrase consists of a participle plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s)’. An earlier column discussed gerunds which, basically, are verbs with the ‘ing’ ending.