The following is a summary of “Shock prediction with dipeptidyl peptidase-3 and renin (SPiDeR) in hypoxemic patients with ...

If the clinical history is not helpful (e.g., there is no documentation of the efficacy of drug "A"), then measuring a renin level (either plasma renin activity or direct renin) can be helpful ...

The aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR) has gained popularity as a screening test for primary hyperaldosteronism, a probably underdiagnosed cause of hypertension. However, studies have yielded varying ...

But when blood pressure levels decrease significantly and for long periods, smooth muscle cells in the kidney, and some other ...

The following is a summary of “An index of the initial blood pressure response to angiotensin II treatment and its ...

The class of drugs, known as renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, block the effects of the renin enzyme, relaxing blood vessels and allowing blood to flow more easily. They are widely used ...

Proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics increase mortality risk, while statins, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.

S L E is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease in which cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality, with a ...