The concept of punctuated equilibrium was, to some, a radical new idea when it was first proposed by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge in 1972. Now it is widely recognized as a useful model for ...

Ammonia is added to solutions of cobalt, nickel, and copper 2+ cations. First formation of the hydroxide precipitate is seen, then of the ammonia complex. Pour 0.1M solutions of Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ...

When a change is made to a system at equilibrium, the position of equilibrium moves to counteract the change that was made. For example, if the temperature is increased, the position of ...