The U.S. tax code partially subsidizes out-of-pocket medical spending as itemized medical deductions (IMDs). In this paper, using detailed information in the Health and Retirement Study, I find that ...

It’s graduation day, but there’s not a mortarboard hat in sight. Instead, the graduates at this celebration are wearing brightly colored headscarves and big smiles. They are all women, and many of ...

Some companies have come up with their own subsidy programs. Pola, a major Tokyo-based cosmetics maker, started subsidizing egg freezing in spring 2021. Under the program, women receive 22,000 yen ...