If a value is rounded, its upper or lower bound as appropriate should be used when finding the largest or smallest possible answers to a calculation. A bag of flour has a mass of 1500 g (to the ...

To describe all the possible values that a rounded number could be, we use lower and upper bounds. The lower bound is the smallest value that would round up to the estimated value. The upper bound ...

The preceding chapter was concerned with basic assumptions and theorems used in limit analysis. In the following two chapters we shall discuss in more detail some of the basic techniques of applying ...

Calculation of exact forces to cause plastic deformation in metal forming processes is often difficult. Exact solutions must be both statically and kinematically admissible. That means they must be ...