In 1981, the National Cooperative Gallstone Study established the efficacy and safety of CDCA therapy ... Subsequently, the introduction of UDCA with a better safety profile and equal or better ...

Like in humans, the concentrations of the free-BA species CA, CDCA and DCA were increased after RYGBP (Figure 4d). In addition, the free species UDCA, αMCA and βMCA also significantly increased ...

The first drug, CDCA, was largely replaced by the safer UDCA during the 1980s. Shock-wave lithotripsy introduced in Germany in the mid-1980s increased the pool of potential candidates for ...

and CDCA to produce lithocholic acid (LCA). Bacterial enzymes also produce secondary bile acids, including ω-muricholic acid (ω-MCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). (B–D) Structure of primary ...