Objective: Perilymphatic fistula (PLF) is a challenging inner ear condition, characterized by the abnormal connection between inner and middle ear and subsequent leakage of inner ear liquid (perilymph ...

Vertigo/dizziness is a common and often perplexing complaint in the Emergency Department (ED). The differential diagnosis is immense, and some causes of seemingly benign dizziness are life ...

Between dialyses, patency of these blood vessels depends on maintaining circulation between artery and vein by means of a Teflon-Silastic loop, creating an external arteriovenous fistula.

These waves are then directed toward the tympanic membrane (eardrum), which causes it to vibrate. The vibration passes on to the malleus, incus, and stapes, which leads the perilymph within the ...