E. Seyfried Jr and W. C. Shanks III 15. Alteration of the upper oceanic crust: mineralogy, chemistry, and processes J. C. Alt 16. Ridge flank sediment - fluid interactions M. Kastner and M. D.

Heard, H. C., Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem., No. 79, 193 (1960). Griggs, D. T., and Handin, J., Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem., No. 79, 347 (1960). Menard, H. W., Marine Geology of ...

Figure 4: Pressure–temperature diagram showing generalised carbonate phase relations in subducted, carbonated oceanic crust. The melting curves of carbonated basalt at upper mantle and transition zone ...

the presence of abiotic carbonaceous matter at the micron scale in the upper oceanic crust of the Southwest Indian Ridge.

Their discovery changes our perception of underwater life. At depths of over 8,200 feet (2,500 meters), scientists have uncovered a universe teeming with animal life beneath the oceanic crust. These ...