Histological features typical for systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension, such as intimal thickening with concentric laminar lesions, medial hypertrophy, perivascular ...

1.4 Associated with connective tissue disease, HIV infection, portal hypertension, congenital heart disease, schistosomiasis ALK-1 indicates activin receptor-like kinase 1; BMPR2, bone morphogenetic ...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative joint disease worldwide. The pathological features of OA are the erosion of articular cartilage, subchondral bone sclerosis, synovitis, and ...

Bone fractures represent a significant health burden worldwide, mainly because of the rising number of elderly people. As people become older, the risk and the frequency of bone fractures increase ...

Most are false aneurysms involving trauma-induced defects of the vessel wall. True aneurysms with intact intimal, medial, and adventitial layers of the arterial wall are more unusual. In this case ...

Calcification-level features, segmented/scored manually with 3D Slicer, included spotty calcification (arc <90 degrees, thickness <3 mm), rim-sign (adventitial site, >90 degrees arc, and 2 mm ...

2 National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, ...

Vasospastic angina is a well-established cause of chest pain that is caused by coronary artery spasm. It can be clinically diagnosed during a spontaneous episode by documenting nitrate-responsive rest ...