The pathogen that killed off the American chestnut arrived before 1900, carried on Japanese chestnut saplings imported for ...

This precipitated casein is washed and decanted to yield what is known as acid casein. This method denatures the casein structure and strips out the naturally occurring minerals that are found in milk ...

The vibration of the active HS lamina breaks hydrogen bonds and defragments proteins, which seals smaller vessels. Furthermore, friction creates secondary heat that denatures the protein. Separation ...