Topical retinoids act by modifying abnormal follicular keratinization. Other topical agents, such as azelaic acid (20% cream applied b.i.d.), salicylic acid (2%; various nonprescription products ...

A 24-year-old white male presented with a 2-year history of changes to his nails. He stated that the white discoloration had never completely resolved but improved from time to time with the nails ...

Modern medicine attributes the formation of tongue coating to factors such as excessive keratinization and elongation of tongue papillae, accompanied by oral bacteria, fungi, blood metabolites, saliva ...

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and relapsing skin disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and chronic pruritus. Both cutaneous barrier dysfunction and immune ...

Pesticides for pest and weed control have been used for many decades to assist the growth and development of crops and pastures (1). The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture, whether to ...