Perineural invasion (PNI) is a histopathologic diagnosis, while perineural spread (PNS) is a clinical and radiologic diagnosis. PNI in head and neck cancers is well described, and the available ...
The decision to administer radiotherapy is based on clinical/histological factors, including adenoid cystic histology, high-grade tumors, positive margins, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion ...
The possibility of underestimation of perineural extent on preoperative imaging has been discussed above. The surgical resection must follow the path of the nerve. Unfortunately, PNS often ...