Background—Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is widely used for the removal of stones from the bile duct, but stones recur in about one fifth of patients. Aims—To investigate hepatic clearance by ...

Background: Ascites and pleural effusion are well recognized complications of pancreatic diseases. Drug therapy of these is limited by high cost, prolonged hospitalization and failure rates ...

The current empiric treatment options for IAP suspected to be induced by occult gallstone disease are laparoscopic cholecystectomy, endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy, and oral chemical dissolution ...

BACKGROUND Topical nitrates lower anal sphincter pressure and heal anal fissures, but a majority of patients experience headache. The internal anal sphincter has a calcium dependent mechanism to ...

Endoscopic therapy is often the first-line treatment of pancreatic ascites and pleural effusion. The intervention is a 5 mm pancreatic sphincterotomy and endoscopic placement of a 7 Fr pancreatic ...