Controlled nucleation is essential for obtaining high-quality lyophilized products with intra- and inter-batch consistency. Two approaches to achieving controlled nucleation have been investigated ...

I investigate whether we can predict where in the fluid phase the crystal will form. Knowledge of this can help control nucleation more precisely, for example, in the production of substances such as ...

Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India ...

THE customary theory for the nucleation of ice on a crystalline substrate is based on the probability that a spherical cap of ice will grow, by statistical fluctuations, to a size such that the ...

Covalent bonding is a widely understood phenomenon that joins the atoms of a molecule by a shared electron pair. But in ...

If researchers do know who's getting the treatment but the participants do not, it's called a single-blind trial. Placebo and Control Groups A placebo is an inactive substance (often a sugar pill) ...

Department of Applied Physics and Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China ...

Discover how wax melts work and the potential air quality issues when used indoors, along with expert recommendations.

Scientists have identified a new property, interface flexibility, that controls how certain molecules naturally self-organize into crystalline supramolecular networks. This significant discovery could ...

Large molecules with multiple binding sites can be flexible, but the impact of this flexibility on network formation hasn’t ...