When breast cancer cells test positive for estrogen receptors, it’s called estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancer. It means that estrogen is fueling the growth of the cancer.

i.e., Ephrin A5 and A2; mammals have 8 ephrins and 13 Eph receptors Inhibitory and attractant diffusible proteins; ephrin A5: branching of axons Diffusible protein: secreted to work locally ...

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy is a revolutionary approach that is a new pillar in the treatment of cancer. CAR T cell therapy has produced remarkable results in hematological malignancies; ...

Increases RANKL expression in vitro. S1P binding to its receptor leads to the activation of ERK and p38 to upregulate COX2 level, leading to increased PGE2 production in the osteoblast. Suppresses ...

Thyrotropin is also called thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH. TSH binds to receptors on the thyroid gland to tell it to produce thyroid hormone. The thyrotropin receptor antibody mimics TSH, so when ...

Clustering of ligand:receptor complexes on the cell membrane is widely presumed to have functional consequences for subsequent signal transduction. However, it is experimentally challenging to ...