The next element of the barrier is the microclimate consisting of the unstirred water layer, glycocalyx and mucus layer that prevent bacterial adhesion by immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion and by the ...

1 Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK 2 Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK 3 Gastroenterology Unit, John ...