This process involves the formation of autophagosomes that ultimately fuse with lysosomes to degrade cellular components ... and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), effectively promoting or ...

Macroautophagy/autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway that has an important effect on both healthy and diseased pancreases. It protects the structure and function of the pancreas by ...

Here, we describe how the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in osteoblasts controls bone formation by suppressing the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We also show ...

However, this simple and effective assay is typically inapplicable to mammalian cells because GFP is efficiently degraded in lysosomes while the more proteolytically resistant red fluorescent protein ...