Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative joint disease worldwide. The pathological features of OA are the erosion of articular cartilage, subchondral bone sclerosis, synovitis, and ...

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While it is traditionally attributed to lipid accumulation in the vascular endothelium, ...

Calcification-level features, segmented/scored manually with 3D Slicer, included spotty calcification (arc <90 degrees, thickness <3 mm), rim-sign (adventitial site, >90 degrees arc, and 2 mm ...

Most are false aneurysms involving trauma-induced defects of the vessel wall. True aneurysms with intact intimal, medial, and adventitial layers of the arterial wall are more unusual. In this case ...

2 National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, ...

1.4 Associated with connective tissue disease, HIV infection, portal hypertension, congenital heart disease, schistosomiasis ALK-1 indicates activin receptor-like kinase 1; BMPR2, bone morphogenetic ...

Vasospastic angina is a well-established cause of chest pain that is caused by coronary artery spasm. It can be clinically diagnosed during a spontaneous episode by documenting nitrate-responsive rest ...