Accordingly, the active energy contributed by ATP hydrolysis normally manifests in the form of an exothermal process, hence appearing as a non-conservative (dissipative) term to be added to the cell’s ...

Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University ...

Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and ...