Plants mobilize the endomembrane system for restoring homeostasis when stimulated by stresses. Though the function of ufmylation in ER stress and autophagy has been described in mammals, their ...

All primer sequences are listed in Supplementary Table 2. Intact leaf mesophyll protoplasts were prepared from 14-day old Arabidopsis seedlings expressing the LEA5-YFP protein. Images of these ...

Confocal microscopy images of autophagosomes in root cells and leaf protoplasts were taken using a Leica SP5 × MP confocal/multiphoton microscope system (Leica) with a 63x/1.4 oil immersion objective ...