(That would be a fish, if you’re a dolphin.) She learned about conditioned reinforcers: using a signal — a whistle, a hand movement, a clicker — to herald that a reward was on its way ...

We asked dermatologists for tips on repairing weak or brittle nails. Shop the best nail strengthening products by Onyx, Sally ...

The FY26 budget emphasises increased capital allocation to key sectors such as manufacturing, textiles, and electronics. This ...

The importance of outcomes for motivating behaviour has long been recognised. Philosopher and physician John Locke ascribed a crucial role for reinforcers (pleasure and pain) for motivating actions, ...

Hormones can be powerful reinforcers. Apologies, gifts, or physical affection offered by the abusive person serve as rewards that help reinforce the rush of relief and trigger dopamine release.

Aggression is a costly behavior, sometimes with severe consequences including death. Yet aggression is prevalent across animal species ranging from insects to humans, demonstrating its essential role ...

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Major challenges in the global cocoa sector were addressed during the opening day of the Amsterdam Sustainable Conference, ...