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    Hemoglobin (or haemoglobin) is a protein containing iron that plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen in red blood cells. It is found in almost all vertebrates, with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae. Hemoglobin is composed of heme, a pigment, and globin, a protein, and it is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returning carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation.