Typhoid - World Health Organization (WHO)
2023年3月30日 · Typhoid fever is a life-threatening infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. It is usually spread through contaminated food or water. Once Salmonella Typhi bacteria are ingested, they multiply and spread into the bloodstream.
Typhoid - World Health Organization (WHO)
2020年1月1日 · Typhoid fever is a life-threatening systemic infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (commonly known as Salmonella Typhi). Typhoid is usually spread through the ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals - World Health …
An estimated 9 million cases and 110 000 typhoid-related deaths occur annually worldwide (2019 estimates). A similar but often less severe disease, paratyphoid fever, is caused by Salmonella Paratyphi A and B (or uncommonly Paratyphi C). Three typhoid vaccines are currently recommended by WHO for control of endemic and epidemic typhoid fever:
Typhoid Fever - World Health Organization (WHO)
A fourth type of typhoid vaccine, which is a whole-cell heat-phenol or acetone inactivated, is still available in several developing countries; however, given its relatively high reactogenicity, this vaccine should be replaced by the typhoid conjugate vaccine, the Vi polysaccharide vaccine or the Ty21a oral vaccine. Only the typhoid conjugate ...
Typhoid fever – Pakistan - World Health Organization (WHO)
2018年12月27日 · A typhoid vaccination campaign was commenced on 5 August 2017 in Hyderabad with Vi-polysaccharide typhoid vaccine (ViPS). Approximately 6000 children aged 6 months to 10 years, were vaccinated. A subsequent mass vaccination campaign with typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) was launched in Hyderabad in January 2018, resulting in …
Typhoid: Vaccine Preventable Diseases Surveillance Standards
2018年9月4日 · Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi (S. Paratyphi). S. Paratyphi A and B (and, uncommonly, S. Paratyphi C) cause a disease that is clinically indistinguishable from typhoid fever, particularly in parts of Asia. Invasive non-typhoidal1 salmonellosis (iNTS) is an …
WHO recommends use of first typhoid conjugate vaccine
2018年4月3日 · WHO recommends the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) for infants and children over six months of age in typhoid-endemic countries. This new policy will help ensure access to typhoid vaccination in communities most impacted by the disease, which is responsible for nearly 12 million infections and between 128,000 and 161,000 deaths a year.WHO issued …
Typhoid vaccines - World Health Organization (WHO)
2019年1月25日 · GACVS previously reviewed the safety of typhoid vaccines, including the newer generation of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs), in December 2016. 3 The Committee noted that its conclusions and recommendations formed part of the evidence reviewed by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on immunization for a revised policy and an updated WHO …
A new typhoid vaccine composed of the Vi capsular polysaccharide. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:2293 -2299. 3 Yang HH et al. Efficacy trial of Vi polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever in south-western China. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79:625-631. 4 Sur D et al. A cluster-randomized effectiveness trial of Vi typhoid vaccine in India.
Background Paper on Typhoid Vaccines for SAGE Meeting (October 2017) 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Typhoid fever remains an important cause of enteric disease in children in low and middle income countries with global estimates of disease burden ranging between 11 and 21 million typhoid fever cases and approximately 145 000 to 161 000 deaths annually.