2020年1月2日 · However, when deep sea mining operations occur in the international seabed (the “Area” which is the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof beyond the limits of national jurisdiction), the rules of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of …

The deep-sea basin of the South China Sea is about 55.1 × 10 4 km 2, accounting for 15.74% of the total area. The deep-sea terrain of the South China Sea is flat and horizontally tilted from northwest to southeast, and the water depth gradually increases from 3400 to 4300 m. The slope is between 1.0 and 1.3‰.

2020年11月1日 · The company Deep-Sea Mining Finance Limited (DSMF) has the exploration concession for the deposits of high quality copper-rich polymetallic sulphides, silver, zinc, and gold, which are associated with a system of marine hydrothermal emissions, discovered in 1985 during the execution of the project Solwara 2 in Papua New Guinea.

1999年11月1日 · This position is therefore favourable for migration up to the sea bed, as lower fluid pressure is needed to exceed the internal strength of the Quaternary overburden. The tendency for pockmarks to occur more frequently along flutes and iceberg plough marks may reflect escape of fluids through fissures/cracks in the underlying till, created by ...

1999年11月1日 · A regular grid (NW–SE and SW–NE) of 16,000 km of shallow seismic reflection data (Rise, Olsen, Bøe & Ottesen, 1996) and numerous short cores (Bøe, Rise, Thorsnes, de Haas, Sæter & Kunzendorf, 1996) were acquired in the Norwegian part of the Skagerrak in order to map bedrock and Quaternary geology, sea-bed sediments and their state of pollution.

2006年10月1日 · The results of our surveys show that marine litter on the sea bed of the East China Sea and the South Sea of Korea varies with trawling site and is composed of various types of materials. The South Sea of Korea and the East China Sea, with the seas around Jeju Island as a border, had distinct distributions of litter.

2007年2月1日 · The above works focused only on the wave motion of the free water region and the effect of porosity of the sea-bed was not taken into account. Mase and Takeba [7], Zhu [11] and Silva et al. [10] considered water-wave reflection and/or transmission problems where a porous medium was assumed to lie on a sea-bed of varying quiescent depth.

2023年1月1日 · This article describes the current state of deep-sea mining governance in areas beyond national jurisdiction, providing an accessible overview of the structure and functioning of the International Seabed Authority (ISA), as well as some background information on the different instruments developed by the ISA for deep-sea mining regulation ...

Sea bed mining refers to the extraction of minerals and resources from the ocean floor, which can have long-lasting negative impacts on deep-water ecosystems due to substrate removal, sediment compaction, and noise pollution. AI generated definition based on: Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2024

2003年5月1日 · Now, the total near-bed velocity is taken as the random near-bed wave velocity given in , , , , , , , , superimposed upon a steady current at an elevation of 0.75 m above the sea bed. The shift in wave frequency, due to the current, is disregarded here; this is significant only for very strong currents.