Chloroplast Proteostasis: Import, Sorting, Ubiquitination, and ...
Chloroplast proteolysis is equally complex, involving the concerted action of internal proteases of prokaryotic origin and the nucleocytosolic ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The UPS degrades unimported proteins in the cytosol and chloroplast-resident proteins via chloroplast-associated protein degradation (CHLORAD).
Regulation of chloroplast protein degradation - PubMed
Chloroplast proteins are encoded by genes from both nuclear and chloroplast genomes. During chloroplast development and responses to stresses, the robust protein quality control systems are essential for regulation of protein homeostasis …
The role of chloroplast protein remodeling in stress responses …
2020年4月22日 · While chloroplast proteins can influence stress factor resistance, such conditions can increase the number of post-translationally modified, misfolded and aggregated chloroplastic proteins, which subsequently activates chaperone systems that refold damaged proteins, and induces proteases which degrade proteins that cannot be refolded (Pulido et ...
Structural insights into the chloroplast protein import in land plants
2024年10月3日 · Chloroplast proteins are imported via the translocon at the outer chloroplast membrane (TOC)-translocon at the inner chloroplast membrane (TIC) supercomplex, driven by an ATPase motor. The Ycf2-FtsHi complex has been identified as the chloroplast import motor.
Biogenesis and homeostasis of chloroplasts and other plastids
2013年11月22日 · Intraorganellar sorting of plastid proteins is achieved through a range of translocation systems (including the cpSEC (chloroplast SEC), cpTAT (CHLOROPLAST TWIN ARG TRANSLOCASE) and cpSRP...
Chloroplasts Protein Quality Control and Turnover: A Multitude …
2022年7月14日 · As the organelle of photosynthesis and other important metabolic pathways, chloroplasts contain up to 70% of leaf proteins with uniquely complex processes in synthesis, import, assembly, and turnover. Maintaining functional protein homeostasis in chloroplasts is vitally important for the fitness and ….
Ubiquitin-based pathway acts inside chloroplasts to regulate
2022年11月16日 · The chloroplast proteome comprises approximately 3000 proteins, >90% of which are encoded in the nucleus with the remainder encoded by the chloroplast genome (1, 2). Several classes of internal protease of prokaryotic origin participate in chloroplast proteostasis, and many of these contribute to the regulation of photosynthesis (3, 4).
Regulation of chloroplast protein degradation - ScienceDirect
2023年6月1日 · Chloroplast proteins are encoded by genes from both nuclear and chloroplast genomes. During chloroplast development and responses to stresses, the robust protein quality control systems are essential for regulation of protein homeostasis and the integrity of chloroplast proteome.
Protein Sorting within Chloroplasts: Trends in Cell Biology - Cell …
2020年10月26日 · Here, we overview the recent advances of both nuclear- and chloroplast-encoded protein trafficking to their final destination within chloroplasts, and discuss the novel components and regulatory mechanisms of intrachloroplast sorting.
Chloroplast proteostasis: A story of birth, life, and death - Cell Press
Most nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins (chloroproteins) are imported into chloroplasts through the OEM-localized TOC and IEM-localized TIC complexes. The core TOC complex comprises Toc159 and Toc34 transit peptide receptors and the channel-forming Toc75. The receptors are GTPases, providing energy at the early stage of import by hydrolyzing GTP.