2024年12月17日 · Browse the most-recent publications from PNAS, publishing daily across the physical, social, and biological sciences.

Cellular organization is a key characteristic of life as we know it. Living organisms are made of cells, i.e., tiny, self-contained, self-regulated units surrounded by a membrane that allows the transfer of mass and energy with their neighbors and the surrounding environment (1–3).Although liquid–liquid demixing could lead to membraneless coacervates and proteinoids (), it is difficult …

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PNAS | November 2024 | vol. 121 | i–xxx Submit to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and have your research discovered by millions of researchers in the biological, physical, and social sciences. About PNAS PNAS has been at the forefront of scientific research for over a century.

There is a broad spectrum of multicellularity that ranges from primitive replicating groups of cells to large complex organisms with intricate tissues and behaviors (1–5).Empirical studies have demonstrated that unicellular organisms can readily evolve forms of multicellularity in response to many different selective pressures, including predation risk, drought, settling speed, salt stress ...

The realized human climate niche relative to available combinations of MAT and precipitation. Human populations have historically remained concentrated in a narrow subset (A–C) of the available climatic range (G), which is not explained by soil fertility (H) or potential primary productivity (I).Current production of crops (D) and livestock (E) are largely congruent with the …

mRNA-based therapeutics and vaccines are revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry as they provide unprecedented opportunities for protein replacement therapies, gene editing, and rapid vaccine development (1, 2).However, mRNAs are subject to rapid degradation and cannot achieve effective cellular uptake due to their large size and anionic charge; (3, 4) thus, they …

The most biodiverse places on Earth are warm and wet (5–7).This is reflected in the latitudinal diversity gradient, the observation that species richness peaks near the equator and decreases toward the poles in many taxa (2, 8).Among dozens of hypotheses put forward to explain correlations of species richness with climate and latitude (7, 9), the Metabolic Theory of …